GRAINGER COUNTY, TN 1860 FEDERAL CENSUS http://ftp.us-census.org/pub/usgenweb/census/xtn/grainger/1860/ Copyright (c) 2008 by Don Robbins VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV USGENWEB (US-CENSUS) NOTICE: These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in any format for profit or presentation by any other organization. Non-commercial organizations desiring to use this material must obtain the consent of the transcriber prior to use. Individuals desiring to use this material in their own research may do so. ========================================================================== NON-Std Formatting by USGenWeb Census Project® File Manager, Linda Talbott All of the above information must remain when copied or downloaded. VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: Prepared by Donald Robbins Transcription aid by Betty Hawley Checked by D. K. Robbins November 20, 2008 Census Sheet's Format ------------------------------- Census Sheet Header Information ------------------------------- Each Census Sheet consists of 40 lines. The Header information contains a place for the Date of entry, Post Office, The County Name (Grainger) and the name of the recorder of the information. ------------------------------- Census Sheet Detail information ------------------------------- Column 1 - Dwelling - houses numbered in the order of visitation Column 2 - Families, numbered in the order of visitation Column 3 - The name of every person whose usual place of abode on the first day of June, 1860 was in this family Column 4 - Age Column 5 - Sex Column 6 - Color, White, Black or Mulatto or Indian Column 7 - Profession, Occupation or Trade of each person, male and female, over 15 years of age Column 8 - Value of Real Estate Column 9 - Value of Personal Estate Column 10 - Place of Birth, Naming the State, Territory, or Country Column 11 - Married within the year Column 12 - Attended School within the year Column 13 - Person over 20 who could not read or write Column 14 - Whether deaf & dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper or convict In the interest of getting the information transcribed to an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet, some adjustments were made in the format of the transcription. A new line was created, which contains the Page Number and Line Number that the information was transcribed from. The Surname is in Caps, along with the date of the census page, the census district, the Post Office, and the information from Column 1 and Column 2. The information from Columns 11, 12, 13 was encoded following the Column 10 information, Place of Birth. The encoding is: M, for married within the year, S, for attending school within the year, and I, for illiterate for a check in Column 13 for persons over 20 who could not read or write. The information from Column 14 is added, as is, to the person's line. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The information for the 1860 Census for Grainger County consists of 252 pages. The information for Grainger County is on Microfilm Reel M653-1250 COUNTS The Dwellings in Grainger County are numbered from 1 to 1768 There are 1768 families in this grouping. Number of White Males 4875 Number of White Females 4854 Number of Black Males 26 Number of Black Females 20 Number of Mulatto Males 50 Number of Mulatto Females 61 Number of Students 1783 Number of Illiterates 1392 Number of Married 60 in the last year Number of twins 66 PLACES OF BIRTH Tennessee 9262 North Carolina 266 Virginia 195 South Carolina 33 Pennsylvania 20 Kentucky 19 Maryland 10 Georgia 5 Ireland 4 Unk 4 Engl. 2 Indiana 2 NY 2 Illinois 1 Miss 1 OCCUPATIONS Alphabetically ? 3 Bank clerk 1 Bapt Min 9 Black Smith 37 Book Binder 1 Book Maker 1 Brick Layer 1 Brick Mason 2 clerk 11 Cabinent Maker 9 Carpenter 53 Chair Maker 2 Cooper 5 Day Laborer 1 Dentist 1 Distiller 4 Doctor 7 Domestic 434 Farm Laborer 549 Farmer 854 Ferry Man 2 Grocer 3 House Keeper 2 House Owner 1 House Work 6 Jailor 1 Laborer 318 Lawyer 7 Mail Contractor 1 Mason 3 Mechanic 3 Merchant 26 Meth Min 2 Mill Wright 7 Miller 12 Minister 3 Official 1 Physician 5 Plasterer 1 Poor Man 1 Preacher 1 Printer 1 Publisher 2 Reading Law 1 Rock Cutter 1 RR Contractor 1 Saddler 4 Sawyer 4 Seamstress 14 Sheriff 1 Shoe Maker 14 Silver Smith 1 Singing Master 1 Stone Cutter 2 Stone Mason 1 Tailor 3 Tailoress 1 Tanner 1 Tar Boiler 1 Tavern Keeper 1 Teacher 29 Tenant 53 Tobacco Roller 1 Trader 12 Wagon Maker 6 Washer Woman 1 Weaver 1 Wheel Wright 1 Wool Carder 1 OCCUPATIONS by frequency Farmer 854 Farm Laborer 549 Domestic 434 Laborer 318 Carpenter 53 Tenant 53 Black Smith 37 Teacher 29 Merchant 26 Seamstress 14 Shoe Maker 14 Miller 12 Trader 12 clerk 11 Bapt Min 9 Cabinent Maker 9 Doctor 7 Lawyer 7 Mill Wright 7 House Work 6 Wagon Maker 6 Cooper 5 Physician 5 Distiller 4 Saddler 4 Sawyer 4 ? 3 Grocer 3 Mason 3 Mechanic 3 Minister 3 Tailor 3 Brick Mason 2 Chair Maker 2 Ferry Man 2 House Keeper 2 Meth Min 2 Publisher 2 Stone Cutter 2 Bank clerk 1 Book Binder 1 Book Maker 1 Brick Layer 1 Day Laborer 1 Dentist 1 House Owner 1 Jailor 1 Mail Contractor 1 Official 1 Plasterer 1 Poor Man 1 Preacher 1 Printer 1 Reading Law 1 Rock Cutter 1 RR Contractor 1 Sheriff 1 Silver Smith 1 Singing Master 1 Stone Mason 1 Tailoress 1 Tanner 1 Tar Boiler 1 Tavern Keeper 1 Tobacco Roller 1 Washer Woman 1 Weaver 1 Wheel Wright 1 Wool Carder 1 OTHER Gentleman 2 none 1 nothing 1 nothing 1 old gentleman 1 old lady 9 old maid 1 orphan 2 pauper 7 poor lady 1 poor man 1 poor woman 4 prisoner 2 Spinster 32 student 1 Widow 171 INFIRMITIES blind 2 deaf & dumb 5 dumb 1 fits 1 idiot 7 insane 7 invallid 3 uncertain 2 Transcriber's notes: The census taker in Grainger County was: Michael Goldman at P157-18 In the First District of Grainger County, it appeared to us that only the place of birth of the head of household was listed. It appears in the other districts that the place of birth of all members of the household were listed. A Brief History of Grainger County, Tennessee Grainger County was founded in 1796. It is the only county in Tennessee named in honor of a woman: Mary Grainger, the wife of William Blount, the first territorial governor of Tennessee. The first paper mill established in the south was built in Grainger County by Dr. Milton Shields. President Andrew Johnson, as a young man, operated a small tailor shop in Rutledge. A replica of his shop stands in front of the Grainger County Courthouse. Across the street is the Old Jail, which housed a variety of local criminals, most of whom were more colorful than dangerous. In 1813, Thomas and Jenkins Whiteside built a 52-room inn and tavern at Bean's Station in the eastern portion of the county. The three story brick hotel was a popular stagecoach stop between Washington and New Orleans. Late in 1863, during the Civil War (War Between the States), Bean's Station was the scene of a fierce battle between Union and Confederate forces. The inn was later destroyed and, today, the battle field lies buried beneath Cherokee Lake most of the year. In the late 1800s, Captain Thomas Tomlinson built a luxury resort at Tate Springs. The 6,000-acre resort featured two hotels, a golf course, cottages, stables, and a park. The spring's mineral-rich waters attracted wealthy dignitaries from all over the world including the Fords, Rockefellers, Firestones, Studebakers and Mellons. The resort prospered until the Great Depression. One of the two original hotels was torn down in 1936 and, five years later, the property was sold to Kingswood School. The second hotel was used by the school until it burned down. Today, a gazebo at the spring stands as a monument to what was once the south's premier luxury resort. The establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1931 brought many changes to the county including the creation of Cherokee Lake and Norris Lake, but none had a bigger impact on the community than the widespread distribution of affordable electric service. During much of the 20th century, moonshining was an illegal but lucrative industry and the hills and hollows scattered throughout the county produced many colorful characters (not to mention outlaws). Photographs of revenuers proudly showing off stills they busted can be found in local newspaper archives. The Nance House Arts and Heritage Center in Rutledge is being developed to preserve the county's storied history. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - THE STORY TELLERS We are the chosen. My feelings are, in each family there is one who seems called to find the ancestors. To put flesh on their bones and make them live again, to tell the family story and to feel that somehow they know, and approve. To me, doing genealogy is not a cold gathering of facts but, instead, breathing life into all who have gone before. We are the story tellers of the tribe. All tribes have one. We have been called as it were, by our genes. Those who have gone before cry out to us: Tell our story. So, we do. In finding them, we somehow find ourselves. How many graves have I stood before now and cried? I have lost count. How many times have I told the ancestors you have a wonderful family you would be proud of us? How many times have I walked up to a grave and felt somehow there was love there for me? I cannot say. It goes beyond just documenting facts. It goes to who am I and why do I do the things I do? It goes to seeing a cemetery about to be lost forever to weeds and indifference and saying I can't let this happen. The bones here are bones of my bone and flesh of my flesh. It goes to doing something about it. It goes to pride in what our ancestors were able to accomplish. How they contributed to what we are today. It goes to respecting their hardships and losses, their never giving in or giving up, their resoluteness to go on and build a life for their family. It goes to deep pride that they fought to make and keep us a Nation. It goes to a deep and immense understanding that they were doing it for us. That we might be born who we are. That we might remember them. So we do. With love and caring and scribing each fact of their existence, because we are them and they are us. So, as a scribe called, I tell the story of my family. It is up to that one called in the next generation to answer the call and take their place in the long line of family storytellers. That, is why I do my family genealogy, and that is what calls those young and old to step up and put flesh on the bones. Author unknown The 1860 Census or Lots of Questions Answered The 1860 Census lists a dwelling number and family number and each sheet lists the county as well as town and post office name. Questions answered on the 1860 census include, name, age and sex of each individual; color, occupation, value of real and personal property; birthplace, whether married within the year (m.y.), whether attended school, can read or write and the date of the enumeration. Also included are boxes to indicate if an individual was a pauper or convict. Here is an article published in 1859 about the upcoming 1860 census: Friday September 23, 1859 Weekly Star THE NEXT CENSUS The year 1860 is the time appointed for taking the eighth census of the United States. From having been originally a simple enumeration's of persons, this Federal census has grown to be a decennial register of the number of inhabitants and their occupation, religious denominations & c, and also a statement of the commerce, manufacturers, arts and industry, and the wealth of the nation. The collection of these statistics has hitherto been attended with immense labor and difficulty. The inquiries of the census takers have not only been baffled by the stupidity and perverseness and ignorance of many to whom they were addressed; but it has been impossible to obtain accurate information upon important subjects because the parties; who alone are presumed capable of imparting it, have never taken the trouble to inform themselves. It often occurs that, in the absence of the head of a family no other member of it is able to give the information required; for instance as to the ages of the different members or it, or the amount of land in cultivation, the number of negroes and their ages, the quantity and value of horses, mules and oxen, etc., or of farming implements or farm products. In town and country similar difficulties are continually met with by the marshals appointed to collect these statistics, and the census is consequently returned incomplete. It is probably that while care will be observed to prevent any frauds or excess in the publication of the next census, it will be ordered by Congress to be taken so as to include all the most important items of information in regard to the progress of our population and our country. In view of this contingency the Nashville News very sensibly suggest that each farmer, this fall , as he gathers his crops, shall keep something like an accurate account of the quality and value of the same; and if he will take the trouble to make out a statement of the names and ages of his family; the number and ages of his servants, the number and value of his horses and mules; the number of bales of cotton, barrels of corn, bushels of wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, etc., and leave it in some place where any member of the family, who may be at home when the deputy marshal shall call, can readily get hold of it, it will save time to all concerned, and very greatly assist to make the census return perfect, complete and satisfactory.