HAWKINS COUNTY, TN 1860 FEDERAL CENSUS http://ftp.us-census.org/pub/usgenweb/census/xtn/hawkins/1860/ Copyright (c) 2011 by Don Robbins VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV USGENWEB (US-CENSUS) NOTICE: These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in any format for profit or presentation by any other organization. Non-commercial organizations desiring to use this material must obtain the consent of the transcriber prior to use. Individuals desiring to use this material in their own research may do so. =========================================================================== NON-Std Formatting by USGenWeb Census Project® File Manager, Robert E. Lane All of the above information must remain when copied or downloaded. VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: Prepared by Donald Robbins Transcription aid by Betty Hawley Checked by D. K. Robbins May 17, 2011 Census Sheet's Format ------------------------------- Census Sheet Header Information ------------------------------- Each Census Sheet consists of 40 lines. The Header information contains a place for the Date of entry, Post Office, the County Name (Hawkins) and the name of the recorder of the information. ------------------------------- Census Sheet Detail information ------------------------------- Column 1 - Dwelling - houses numbered in the order of visitation Column 2 - Families, numbered in the order of visitation Column 3 - The name of every person whose usual place of abode on the first day of June, 1860 was in this family Column 4 - Age Column 5 - Sex Column 6 - Color, White, Black or Mulatto or Indian Column 7 - Profession, Occupation or Trade of each person, male and female, over 15 years of age Column 8 - Value of Real Estate Column 9 - Value of Personal Estate Column 10 - Place of Birth, Naming the State, Territory, or Country Column 11 - Married within the year Column 12 - Attended School within the year Column 13 - Person over 20 who could not read or write Column 14 - Whether deaf & dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper or convict In the interest of getting the information transcribed to an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet, some adjustments were made in the format of the transcription. A new line was created, which contains the Page Number and Line Number that the information was transcribed from. The Surname is in Caps, along with the date of the census page, the census district, the Post Office, and the information from Column 1 and Column 2. The information from Columns 11, 12, 13 was encoded following the Column 10 information, Place of Birth. The encoding is: M, for married within the year, S, for attending school within the year, and I, for illiterate for a check in Column 13 for persons over 20 who could not read or write. The information from Column 14 is added, as is, to the person's line. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The information for the 1860 Census for Hawkins County consists of 367 pages. The information for Hawkins County is on Microfilm Reel M653-1255 There were two census enumerations in Hawkins- County. One Enumerator was Joseph Huffmaster, at P004-27. That part of Hawkins County had 1418 houses and 1337 families. The other enumerator was Montgomery McClure at S022-19. That part of Hawkins County had 1122 houses and 1108 families. COUNTS Number of White Males 7507 Number of White Females 7481 Number of Black Males 40 Number of Black Females 40 Number of Mulatto Males 81 Number of Mulatto Females 58 Number of Indian Males 5 Number of Indian Females 6 Number of Students 2304 Number of Illiterates 1313 Number of Married 115 in the last year PLACES OF BIRTH Tennessee 11448 Virginia 1582 North Carolina 812 Kentucky 65 South Carolina 46 Pennsylvania 23 Indiana 23 Maryland 15 Ireland 14 Georgia 12 NY 10 Ohio 10 Conneticut 7 Alabama 6 Engl 6 Missouri 6 Germany 4 Illinois 2 Miss 2 OCCUPATIONS by name appt 2 artist 1 Bank Cashier 2 Bapt Min 4 Bapt Min* 1 Black Smith 78 Book Keeper 1 Book Peddler 1 Brick Mason 3 Bridge Contractor 1 Butcher 1 clerk 32 Cabinent Maker 9 Carpenter 84 Carpenter* 1 Chair Maker 4 Clock Repair 1 Cnty Ct Clrk 1 Confectioner 3 Constable 2 Cooper 8 County Register 1 domestic 325 Daguerean 1 Day Laborer 157 Dentist 2 Dentistry 1 Druggist 1 Editor 1 Engineer 3 Farm Hand 326 Farm Laborer 974 Farm Manager 3 Farmer 1135 Ferry Man 1 Fireman 1 Harness Maker 1 Hotel Keeper 4 House Keeper 13 House Work 1 Indian Agent 1 Laborer 177 Launderer 1 Lawyer 17 Liquor Dealer 1 Liquor Seller 2 midwife 1 Machinist 1 Mail Carrier 2 Mail Contractor 2 MD 15 MD* 1 Merchant 29 Merchant* 1 Meth Min 6 Meth Min* 1 Mill Wright 5 Miller 25 Milliner 3 overseer 5 Officer 1 peddler 2 Painter 4 Plasterer 1 Preacher* 1 Pres Min 3 Printer 2 Printers Devil 1 Prof 2 Pump Bore 1 Quarry Hand 7 retired Farmer 6 retired Laborer 1 RR Contractor 4 RR Hand 52 RR Laborer 2 RR overseer 1 servant 2 spinster 32 student 4 student(law) 1 student(med) 2 Saddler 1 5 Saddler* 1 Sawyer 4 Seamstress 17 Sheriff 1 Shoe Maker 38 Silver Smith 1 Spinster 59 Spinstress 3 Stage Driver 1 Stiller 6 Stone Cutter 5 Stone Laborer 2 Stone Mason 3 Tailor 3 Tanner 1 Teacher 18 Teamster 3 Tinner 4 Trader 2 Wagon Maker 22 Wagoner 2 Washer Woman 2 Weaver 4 White Washer 1 INFIRMITIES & OTHERS afflicted 1 blind 3 cripple 1 deaf & dumb 1 idiot 12 insane 4 invalid 1 lady 1 pauper 7 no occupation 1 old lady 1 old man 2 spinster deaf & dumb 1 twin 4 widow 75 OCCUPATIONS by frequencies Farmer 1135 Farm Laborer 974 Farm Hand 326 domestic 325 Day Laborer 157 Laborer 177 Carpenter 84 Carpenter* 1 Black Smith 78 Spinster 59 RR Hand 52 Shoe Maker 38 clerk 32 spinster 32 Merchant 29 Merchant* 1 Miller 25 Wagon Maker 22 Teacher 18 Lawyer 17 Seamstress 17 Saddler 15 Saddler* 1 MD 15 MD* 1 House Keeper 13 Cabinent Maker 9 Cooper 8 Quarry Hand 7 student 4 student(law) 1 student(med) 2 Meth Min 6 Meth Min* 1 retired Farmer 6 Stiller 6 Mill Wright 5 overseer 5 Stone Cutter 5 Bapt Min 4 Bapt Min* 1 Chair Maker 4 Hotel Keeper 4 Painter 4 RR Contractor 4 Sawyer 4 Tinner 4 Weaver 4 Brick Mason 3 Confectioner 3 Dentist 2 Dentistry 1 Engineer 3 Farm Manager 3 Milliner 3 Spinstress 3 Pres Min 3 Stone Mason 3 Tailor 3 Teamster 3 appt 2 Bank Cashier 2 Constable 2 Liquor Seller 2 Mail Carrier 2 Mail Contractor 2 peddler 2 Printer 2 Prof 2 RR Laborer 2 servant 2 Stone Laborer 2 Trader 2 Wagoner 2 Washer Woman 2 artist 1 Book Keeper 1 Book Peddler 1 Bridge Contractor 1 Butcher 1 Clock Repair 1 Cnty Ct Clrk 1 County Register 1 Daguerean 1 Druggist 1 Editor 1 Ferry Man 1 Fireman 1 Harness Maker 1 House Work 1 Indian Agent 1 Launderer 1 Liquor Dealer 1 midwife 1 Machinist 1 Officer 1 Plasterer 1 Preacher* 1 Printers Devil 1 Pump Bore 1 retired Laborer 1 RR overseer 1 Sheriff 1 Silver Smith 1 Stage Driver 1 Tanner 1 White Washer 1 Transcriber's notes: Some of the occupations are marked with an asterisk (*). This indicates they also farmed. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - History of Hawkins County, Tennessee Taken from Goodspeed's History of East TN Hawkins County lies in upper East Tennessee, and extends somewhat in the shape of a parallelogram from VA line to the northern boundries of Grainger and Hamblen Counties. It is divided into two almost equal parts by the Holston River, which traverses its entire length. It is one of the largest counties in the State, having an area of 570 square miles. The surface is much of it broken, but the uplands are more fertile than in many counties. Iron ore is found in some localities, but is not now worked. In marble Hawkins County surpasses any other county in the South. It is found in all tints from a pale pink to a dark, richly variegated chocolate color, and in inexhaustible quanities. The first permanent settlements within the limits of Hawkins county were made in 1772, very soon after the settlements on the Watauga were begun. They were made in Carter's Valley, a short distance west of New Canton. Among these pioneers were Mr. Kincaid, Mr. Love, Mr. Long, and Rev. Mr. Mulkey. At about the same time Messrs. Carter and Parker established a store in the neighborhood. Soon after this store was robbed by a party of Cherokee, and when Henderson & Co.'s treaty was held with the Indians the proprietors of the store demanded as compensation all the lands in Carter's Valley, extending from Cloud Creek to Chimney Top Mountain of Beech Creek. This was granted upon payment of a small amount advanced by Robert Lucas, who then became a parter of Messrs. Parker and Carter. The firm leased their lands to the settlers much after the manner of the Patrons, in the early history of New York. this continued for a time, but when it became known that the lands lay in North Carolina instead of VA, the settlers refused to recognize the ownership of the firm, and the right and title to the territory acquired was denied by the former State. They were afterward included with the members of the Henderson Company, to whom a grant of 200,000 acres was given by the government of NC as a compensation for the trouble they had been to in obtaining these lands. The deeds obtained by Henderson & Co. from the Cherokees is recorded in the register's office of Hawkins County. It was given by Oconistoto, the chief warrior and representative of the Cherokee Nation, and Attakullakulla and Savanooka, otherwise Coronoh, appointed by the warriors and other head men to convey for the whole nation, to Richard Henderson, Thomas and Nathaniel Hart, John Williams, John Luttrell, William Johnston, James Hogg, David Hart and Thomas H. Bullock. The compensation for the immense tracts conveyed by these deeds as expressed at £10,000. The settlement in Hawkins County was confined chiefly to Carter's Valley until about 1780. Several stations or forts were built, and it is said that a Presbyterian Church was organized there as early as that date. At about the same time a fort was built at Big Creek. Not far from this fort, about three and one-half miles above Rogersville, Thomas Amis in 1780 or 1781 created a stone house, around which he built a palisade for protection against the Indians. The next year he opened a store, and erected a blacksmith shop and a distillery. Very soon after he also put into operation a saw and grist-mill, and from the first he kept a house of entertainment. A Baptist Church was organized, and a school established very soon after the settlement was made. The church was probably organized by Thomas Murrell. Among the school masters, who taught in the school at this place, were John Long in 1783, William Evans, 1784; James King, 1786; Robert Johnston, and Samuel B. Hawkins, 1796. Some time about 1795 one of the most extensive iron works of those days was erected near the present area of Rotherwood, by Daniel Ross & Co., and considerable business was done there for a number of years. Hawkins County suffered much less from Indian depredations than some other sections of the State. A few instances of massacres and robberies are mentioned by Haywood, but the most of these occurred in what is now Hancock County. The comparitive immunity of this section from Indian attacks was due partly to the position of the county and partly to the vigilance of the settlers, who had taken every precaution for the protection of themselves and families. The Indians made several incursions into Carter's Valley, but finding the people in the forts and prepared for them they retreated without doing serious damage. On one occasion the families that had gathered into the fort at Big Creek, became greatly in need of salt, and a young man, Joab Mitchell, volunteered to go out and procure a supply. While upon his return he was attacked by a party of Cherokees and mortally wounded. He succeeded, however, in reaching the fort, and his remains were interred in that depression which has since borne the name of Mitchell's Hollow. In December 1787, William English was killed by the Indians and two of his children carried into captivitiy. The county court records of 1790 contained the following entry: Whereas it has been represented to the court by Thomas King, that Matthew English and Elizabeth English, orphan children of William English, who was taken and killed by the Indians in December, 1787, at which time the aforesaid children were carried into captivity by the Indians, supposed to be of the Wyandotte Nation, and are yet in captivity. Thomas King therefore represents that the said orphans might be recovered if there was property sufficient for that purpose. Ordered by the court that James Blair and William Patterson do receive from the said Thomas King or from any other person the property belonging to the estate of the said William English, and the same apply as they shall think best for the redemption of the said orphans, and Thomas King was discharged thereupon of said property. In 1785 the State of Franklin organized Spencer County, including, besides other territory, the present Hawkins County. Thomas Henderson was chosen county court clerk and colonel of militia, and William Cocke and Thomas King representative to the Assembly. the remaining officers are unknown. In November, 1786, the Legislature of NC passed an act creating Hawkins County. It included within its limits all the territory between Bays Mountain and the Holston and Tennessee Rivers on the east to the Cumberland Mountains on the west. The county court was organized at the house of Thomas Gibbons, but as the early records were destroyed during the civil war nothing is known of its transactions. The circuit court for Hawkins County was organized on the first Monday in October, 1810, by William Cocke, judge of the First Judicial Circuit, who appointed Thomas Cocke, Clerk. The first Grand Jury empaneled was as follows: Joseph McMinn, foreman; John Johnson, Hezekiah Hamblen, George Hale, John Critz, John Hamben, Robert McMinn, John remes, Jacob Miller, James Haygood, Joel Gillenwater, Gabriel McGraw, Samuel Smith, Rodham Kenner and David Bagler. Michael Rork, constable, was appointed to wait upon them. The first chancery courts were held in 1825. the division consisted of Sullivan, Hawkins, Grainger and Claiborne Counties. The judges of the supreme court alternated in presiding over the chancery court from that time until several years later. The first lawyer of prominence in Hawkins county was William Cocke. He had two or three sons who also became lawyers. Rogersville was founded by Joseph Rogers, who settled upon the site in 1786. To Rogersville belongs the honor of being the place at which was issued the first newspaper published in TN. It was known as the Knoxville Gazette and first appeared on November 5, 1791. The first school in Rogersville was said to be taught in a small house, which stood near Union Spring. One of the first Masonic lodges in TN was organized in Rogersville on December 14, 1805. It was known as the Overton Lodge. Surgoinsville was established by an Act of the Legislature passed in October, 1815. It was laid out upon land owned by James Surgoin. Mooresburg was founded by Hugh G. Moore who opened a store at that point. Bulls Gap postoffice took its name from the Gap in the ridge one mile to the east. This in turn was named for John Bull, the first settler in the vicinity. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - THE STORY TELLERS We are the chosen. My feelings are, in each family there is one who seems called to find the ancestors. To put flesh on their bones and make them live again, to tell the family story and to feel that somehow they know, and approve. To me, doing genealogy is not a cold gathering of facts but, instead, breathing life into all who have gone before. We are the story tellers of the tribe. All tribes have one. We have been called as it were, by our genes. Those who have gone before cry out to us: Tell our story. So, we do. In finding them, we somehow find ourselves. How many graves have I stood before now and cried? I have lost count. How many times have I told the ancestors you have a wonderful family you would be proud of us? How many times have I walked up to a grave and felt somehow there was love there for me? I cannot say. It goes beyond just documenting facts. It goes to who am I and why do I do the things I do? It goes to seeing a cemetery about to be lost forever to weeds and indifference and saying I can't let this happen. The bones here are bones of my bone and flesh of my flesh. It goes to doing something about it. It goes to pride in what our ancestors were able to accomplish. How they contributed to what we are today. It goes to respecting their hardships and losses, their never giving in or giving up, their resoluteness to go on and build a life for their family. It goes to deep pride that they fought to make and keep us a Nation. It goes to a deep and immense understanding that they were doing it for us. That we might be born who we are. That we might remember them. So we do. With love and caring and scribing each fact of their existence, because we are them and they are us. So, as a scribe called, I tell the story of my family. It is up to that one called in the next generation to answer the call and take their place in the long line of family storytellers. That, is why I do my family genealogy, and that is what calls those young and old to step up and put flesh on the bones. Author unknown The 1860 Census or Lots of Questions Answered The 1860 Census lists a dwelling number and family number and each sheet lists the county as well as town and post office name. Questions answered on the 1860 census include, name, age and sex of each individual; color, occupation, value of real and personal property; birthplace, whether married within the year (m.y.), whether attended school, can read or write and the date of the enumeration. Also included are boxes to indicate if an individual was a pauper or convict. Here is an article published in 1859 about the upcoming 1860 census: Friday September 23, 1859 Weekly Star THE NEXT CENSUS The year 1860 is the time appointed for taking the eighth census of the United States. From having been originally a simple enumeration's of persons, this Federal census has grown to be a decennial register of the number of inhabitants and their occupation, religious denominations & c, and also a statement of the commerce, manufacturers, arts and industry, and the wealth of the nation. The collection of these statistics has hitherto been attended with immense labor and difficulty. The inquiries of the census takers have not only been baffled by the stupidity and perverseness and ignorance of many to whom they were addressed; but it has been impossible to obtain accurate information upon important subjects because the parties; who alone are presumed capable of imparting it, have never taken the trouble to inform themselves. It often occurs that, in the absence of the head of a family no other member of it is able to give the information required; for instance as to the ages of the different members or it, or the amount of land in cultivation, the number of negroes and their ages, the quantity and value of horses, mules and oxen, etc., or of farming implements or farm products. In town and country similar difficulties are continually met with by the marshals appointed to collect these statistics, and the census is consequently returned incomplete. It is probably that while care will be observed to prevent any frauds or excess in the publication of the next census, it will be ordered by Congress to be taken so as to include all the most important items of information in regard to the progress of our population and our country. In view of this contingency the Nashville News very sensibly suggest that each farmer, this fall , as he gathers his crops, shall keep something like an accurate account of the quality and value of the same; and if he will take the trouble to make out a statement of the names and ages of his family; the number and ages of his servants, the number and value of his horses and mules; the number of bales of cotton, barrels of corn, bushels of wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, etc., and leave it in some place where any member of the family, who may be at home when the deputy marshal shall call, can readily get hold of it, it will save time to all concerned, and very greatly assist to make the census return perfect, complete and satisfactory.